Knowledge of the genetic identity of germplasm collections is an important foundation for crop improvement (Thomson et al., 2007). Due to the importance of rice as a major world crop, the origin and genetic identity of Oryza sativa has attracted great interest (Thomson et al., 2009). This study was conducted to determine the genetic identity of five rice landraces from South Kalimantan’s tidal swamp area using chromosomal character. The chromosomal study was carried out using a modified squash method (Jahier et al., 1996). The construction of karyogram was done by following the procedure of Levan et al. (1964). Results showed that mitosis period of these varieties mainly occurred from 12.00 to 13.00 a.m. (WITA-Center Indonesia Time). Prometaphase stages of rice landraces was commonly found at 12.30 a.m. (WITA). In general, all rice landraces displayed the chromosomal numbers of 2n=24 (diploid) with the differences of karyotype. Adil ganal is one of rice landrace that showed the unique chromosomal character of 23 metacentric and 1 submetacentric (11m+1sm) chromosomes with satellite found on this study. The chromosomes of the complement in rice landraces were varied and exhibited the different absolute length from 0.26 µm to 1.18 µm. The results of this study would provide valuable information for conservation and rice breeding program in the future.