Effectiveness of Different Extraction Techniques on the Yield and Antityrosinase Activity of Merbau (Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze) Wood Extract

Abstract

This study employed various extraction methods to determine the yield, antityrosinase activity, and phytochemical profile of Merbau wood (MW) extract. MW was extracted using the conventional maceration (CM) method with 24-hour immersion, the magnetic stirrer (MS) method at 300 rpm for 45 and 60 minutes, and the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method for 45 minutes with a 65% amplitude. The extraction process was repeated 3 times for each method and the filtrate was stored separately into the first filtrate (F1), the second filtrate (F2), and the third filtrate (F3). The results indicated that the interaction between the extraction method and the extraction repetition influenced the yield, antityrosinase activity, and total phenol content. MW extraction using the UAE-F1 method achieved the highest yield (13.3776±0.308%). MW extraction with UAE-F3 exhibited the strongest antityrosinase activity (IC50 1.548±0.102 ppm) and the highest total phenol content (692.86±7.14 mg/g AGE). The UAE method was identified as the optimal extraction condition, with repeated extraction from F1 to F3. The FTIR spectrum for F1 revealed that all extracts contained the same functional groups, namely O-H (3800-3000 cm-1) and C=C (1600-1475 cm-1). The UAE extract demonstrated the highest percentage of functional groups transmittance.