Abstract:
Global warming and climate change are critical issues impacting ecosystems, human habitats, and the overall environment. Urban Heat Island
(UHI) is a significant phenomenon resulting from increased urban temperatures due to dense urban development, the use of heat-absorbing
materials, and reduced vegetation. This study focuses on analyzing the UHI effect in Banjarmasin, Indonesia, using spatial regression and
descriptive spatial analysis methods. By employing Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from Landsat 9 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery,
combined with data from wireless sensor networks (WSN), this research aims to develop a comprehensive UHI spatial model to inform climate
village program planning. The specific objectives of this study are to: (1) map high-temperature areas within Banjarmasin near from Climate
Village Program Planning, (2) validate satellite-derived LST data with real-time WSN measurements, and (3) propose actionable strategies for
urban planners to mitigate UHI effects through the enhancement of green spaces and sustainable spatial planning in Climate Village Program
Planning. The results reveal substantial temperature variations within Banjarmasin, with urban areas showing significantly higher LST values
compared to vegetated outskirts. The integration of satellite data with real-time WSN measurements provides a robust validation method, ensuring
accurate environmental monitoring. Additionally, this study includes an analysis of the Vegetation Health Index (VHI), which integrates both the
Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) to assess the health and stress levels of vegetation. The VHI
analysis highlights the importance of maintaining healthy vegetation to reduce surface temperatures and mitigate UHI effects. This study
underscores the importance of enhancing green spaces and implementing sustainable spatial planning to mitigate UHI effects. The proposed UHI
spatial model offers a valuable tool for urban planners and policymakers in developing strategies to improve urban environmental quality and
resilience to climate change.
