Abstract:
Durian, especially Durio zibethinus, is an agricultural
commodity with high economic value, both in local and global
markets. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity,
relationships and correlation of superior cultivars of D. zibethinus
(‘Likol’,
‘
Sahang’ and
‘Si Japang’)
native to South Kalimantan,
Indonesia, using the
rbcL marker, and compare them with other
48 cultivars from the GenBank database. All durian
rbcL markers
were analyzed using the MEGA-X software and phylogenetically
reconstructed using two approaches: maximum likelihood
(ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ). The durian phylogenetic tree
was assessed by bootstrap analysis, and their relationships by
Pearson’s correlation and principal component analysis. The
durian showed a low genetic diversity (π% = 0.056); however,
unique relationships were revealed. Following the
rbcL region,
this germplasm was grouped into five clades using ML and
NJ. In this case, ‘Si Japang’ and ‘Sahang’ showed to be closely
related to
‘T16’ from Malaysia, whereas ‘Likol’ was related
to ‘
Monthong’
from
Thailand. However, based on the genetic
divergence analysis,
‘Sahang’ had the farthest relationship with
three durians from Thailand (‘Metnai Kanyao’, ‘Chok Loi’ and
‘Malet Ar-Ri’).
KEYWORDS: Breed
ing program, Borneo Island, genetic
diversity, horticulture commodity.
