Abstract:
Mangifera casturi Kosterm., a mango plant from Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia, has limited genetic
information, severely limiting the research on its genetic variation and phylogeny. We collected M.
casturi’s genomic information using next-generation sequencing, developed microsatellite markers
and performed Sanger sequencing for DNA barcoding analysis. These markers were used to confirm
parental origin and genetic diversity of M. casturi hybrids. The clean reads of the Kasturi accession
were assembled de novo, producing 259 872 scaffolds (N50 = 1 445 bp). Fourteen polymorphic
microsatellite markers were developed from 11 040 microsatellite motif-containing sequences. In
total, 58 alleles were produced with a mean of 4.14 alleles per locus. Microsatellite marker analysis
revealed broad genetic variation in M. casturi. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using internal
transcribed spacers (ITS), matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA. The phylogenetic tree of chloroplast markers
placed Kasturi, Cuban, Pelipisan, Pinari, and Hambawang in one group, with M. indica as the female
ancestor. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic tree of ITS markers indicated several Mangifera species as
ancestors of M. casturi. Thus, M. casturi very likely originated from the cross-hybridization of multiple
ancestors. Furthermore, crossing the F1 hybrids of M. indica and M. quadrifida with other Mangifera
spp. may have generated much genetic variation. The genetic information for M. casturi will be a
resource for breeding improvement, and conservation studies.
