Abstract:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine
system disorder among the women of reproductive age, yet the etiology
of PCOS remains unclear. Infertility in females with PCOS can be caused
by anovulation, high luteinizing hormone levels, and hyperandrogenism.
Aims: This research analyzed the role of the aromatase gene (CYP19A1) in
PCOS pathogenesis. Settings and Design: This study used an observational,
cross‑sectional design. Subjects and Methods: A total of 110 research
participants (55 PCOS patients and 55 non‑PCOS patients) were included in
the study. Statistical Analysis Used: A real‑time quantitative polymerase chain
reaction was used to analyze the mRNA expression for aromatase in granulosa
cells. Results: The relative expression of aromatase mRNA is lower in women
with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P < 0.05). Relative expression
of CYP19A1 (aromatase) mRNA in PCOS group was 0.38 ± 0.25, whereas in
non‑PCOS group was 1.00 ± 0.00. The decline in aromatase activity contributes
to an increase in testosterone level. This condition has a role in hyperandrogenism
which is a typical characteristic of PCOS women. Granulosa cells in polycystic
ovary undergo disturbance in the development and cannot respond to
follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation. Lack of stimulation of FSH causes
induction inadequacy to aromatase enzyme activity in the aromatization process.
The decline in FSH activity is caused by various factors that are associated with
typical characteristics of PCOS. Conclusions: There is a decrease in the relative
expression rate of granulosa cells’ aromatase mRNA in women with PCOS
compared to the non‑PCOS.
Keywords: Aromatase, granulosa cells, polycystic ovarian syndrome
