Comparative study of bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity in different extraction methods of Syzygium Polyanthum leaves

Abstract

Background: Syzygium Polyanthum is classified among the 5,000 medicinal plant species documented in the Indonesian Medicinal Herb Index. It is utilised for a variety of purposes in traditional medicine and has potential health benefits. Extraction of medicinal plants is crucial to separate active plant materials or secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to compare extracts of Syzygium Polyanthum Leaves using different methods: maceration and UAE in extracting flavonoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Methods: the bioactive component content and antioxidant activity of Syzygium polyanthum leaves extracted using two different methods—maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)—are compared. 96% ethanol was employed as the extracting solvent in the maceration and UAE extraction processes for S. polyanthum.The bioactive substances in both extracts were determined using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Result: The amount of total phenolic, flavonoid, and IC50 in S. polyanthum leaves was evaluated between the maceration extraction method and UAE. Liquid chromatography-high Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis was utilized to detect the presence of bioactive compounds, then classified according to the PubChem database’s taxonomy. There were comparable amounts of flavonoids in both extracts (60.194 mg QE/g and 60.074 mg QE/g). According to the DPPH assay, the total phenol for the extracts obtained by maceration and UAE was 94.63 ± 2.18 mg GAE/g and 122.87 ± 5.99 mg GAE/g extracts respectively, and the IC50 for the extracts obtained by maceration and UAE were 88.21 ± 1.38 μg/mL and 41.23 ± 6.11 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) approach yielded significantly greater quantities of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, as well as exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, when compared to the maceration extraction method. The utilisation of the UAE approach resulted in a significant rise in the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum leaves.