Problem Based Learning Approach to Develop Argumentative Writing Skills

Abstract

For EFL learners, writing an argumentative essay is more challenging than writing other genres for instance descriptive, narrative, and expository. This is due to the fact that in this type of writing, a writer has to have a clear position on a certain issue, acknowledge the other side, and persuade the readers to agree with his argument. For this reason, the writer should have the skills in presenting an argument in addition to being knowledgeable of the organization, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics of an essay. In fact, many learners are struggling with how to provide a strong argument which convinces others to agree with his position. This article proposes a Problem-based learning approach as an alternative teaching and learning strategy which can facilitate EFL learners to develop their skills in writing argumentative essay. The model of Problem-based learning approach is also provided based on the result of a thorough research. It consists of problem presentation, problem analysis, research, reporting, application, drafting, revising, and peer editing which puts learners work cooperatively. This notion rests on the notion of social constructivist perspective derived by Lev Vygotsky who posits that human development is basically a social activity that exploring information to construct knowledge and interacting with other individuals are essential. The model can be adapted and modified based on learners’ characteristics as an effort to facilitate EFL learners in improving their writing skills particularly argumentative writing.