PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN METODE EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN PENGHAMBATAN RADIKAL BEBAS EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU BANGKAL (Nauclea subdita)

Abstract

Bangkal bark is one of the plant materials widely used by local people of South Borneo for medicine and beauty care. The limited research explores the extraction process and biological activity of bangkal bark for this use, especially for acne treatment. This study was conducted to determine the difference of extraction methods and solvent polarity to phytochemical contents, antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of bangkal bark extracts. Bangkal bark was extracted by maceration, percolation and soxhletation methods with various solvents, namely water, 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol and ethyl acetate. Total phenolic content by Folin ciocalteu, total flavonoids with AlCl3, and total tannins with vanillin were determined. Free radicals scavenging activity was determined with DPPH free radicals and antibacterial with agar diffusion method. Soxhlet method with 96% ethanol solvent showed the highest phenolic content about 81.12±1.66 mg/gr GAE. The highest flavonoid content was found on the percolation method with ethyl acetate about 24.24± 0.057 mg/gr QE. Total tannin content was found on percolation methods with 96% ethanol about 36.92±0.81 mg/gr CE. All of 70% ethanol extract showed high inhibitory strength of DPPH radical above 87% at a 1 mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial activity in the extract showed that all methods and solvents had inhibitory properties against P. acne with various inhibitory zones. In contrast, only ethyl acetate and water extracts were able to inhibit P. acne and S. aureus both. Keywords: Antibacterial, bangkal, DPPH, extraction, solvent