Study of Water and Sediment Quality and Heavy Metal Pollution (Pb) at South Kalimantan Mangrove Ecosystem

Abstract

Changes in the water quality, sediment, and the presence of heavy metals in the environment have a close links with human activities including the presence of pollutants in the mangrove ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to compare water and sediment quality as well as heavy metal pollution from lead (Pb) in mangrove ecosystems affected by anthropogenic activities (oil palm plantations and mining) in South Kalimantan. The research was carried out for 4 months (June until September 2019) from four villages (Kuala Tambangan, Bunati, Angsana and Setarap) in South Kalimantan Province. The purposive sampling method is used for sampling, which is determined in estuary, middle and inland parts, based on the area division of mangrove ecosystem. Data analysis was performed descriptively while differences in each location were tested using bivariate analysis (Pearson). The results showed that the water quality at the four observation sites was above the standard of Government Regulation number 82 of 2001. There are four values with the highest parameters found in the village of Kuala Tambangan, the first is total dissolved solids (TDS) that reaching ± 8.005 mg / L, nitrite (NO2) as N (± 0.13 mg/L), nitrate (NO3) as N (±0.11 mg/L) and color levels that reach ±129.33 ptCo. The other two highest parameters in Setarap Village are turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Turbidity value reaches ± 16.01 NTU while dissolved oxygen (DO) value is around ±5.92 mg/L. The highest pH value can be found in Bunati Village (± 7.54). The average value of heavy metals in Lead (Pb) is also above the standard of the Minister Decree of Environment in 2004, recorded in waters 0.04 - 0.36 mg/L (highest in Angsana Village ±0.31 mg/L) and sediment 0.01 - 17.43 mg/L (highest in Angsana Village ±15.05 mg/L). The highest water content in sediment comes from Kuala Tambangan village (±6.6%), while the highest organic sediment content is found in Angsana village (±7.8%). Bivariate analysis results used to determine differences between sampling locations showed that the levels of Nitrite (NO2) as N (α = 0,000), Nitrate (NO3) as N (α = 0,000)), pH (α = 0,000), Color (α = 0,000), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (α = 0,000), sediment water content (α = 0,000) and heavy metal Pb content in water and sediment (α = 0,000) are differ between mangrove ecosystems in Angsana and Setarap Village.