| dc.creator |
Abdullah, Abdullah |
|
| dc.date.accessioned |
2020-06-15T03:58:39Z |
|
| dc.date.available |
2020-06-15T03:58:39Z |
|
| dc.identifier |
http://eprints.ulm.ac.id/2539/1/Jurnal_SER_Abdullah_%28published_2017%291.pdf |
|
| dc.identifier |
Abdullah, Abdullah Conversion of palm oil sludge to biodiesel using alum and KOH as catalysts. Conversion of palm oil sludge to biodiesel using alum and KOH as catalysts. |
|
| dc.identifier.uri |
https://repo-dosen.ulm.ac.id//handle/123456789/10791 |
|
| dc.description |
Abstract
Conversion of palm oil sludge was studied by esterification and transesterification which used methanol as a reactant. The esterification of palm oil sludge was performed by variation of molar ratios of methanol to palm oil sludge (5:1, 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, and 25:1) and percentages of alum catalyst (3–7 wt%) at 60 °C for 3 h with stirring rate 300 rpm. Transesterification was also carried out by variation of KOH (0.5–2.5 wt%) at 60 °C and stirring rate 300 rpm for 1 h. The optimum molar ratio of methanol to palm oil sludge was 20:1 (6% alum catalyst). Meanwhile, the optimum concentration for transesterification was 1.5% of KOH. The yield of biodiesel production was 93%, the density and kinematic viscosity were 0.864 g mL−1 and 12.8 mm2 s−1, respectively. The existence of ester compounds in the product was shown by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry spectrum data of carbonyl group (CO) at 1744 cm−1 and CO of ester at 1234; 1119 and 1026 cm−1. Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry analysis showed the biodiesel product contains palmitic acid methyl ester (23.4%), trans-methyl oleate (75.5%), cis-methyl oleate (< 0.1%), and methyl stearate (1.2%). |
|
| dc.format |
text |
|
| dc.relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468203917300705 |
|
| dc.relation |
http://eprints.ulm.ac.id/2539/ |
|
| dc.subject |
AI Indexes (General) |
|
| dc.title |
Conversion of palm oil sludge to biodiesel using alum and KOH as
catalysts |
|
| dc.type |
Article |
|
| dc.type |
PeerReviewed |
|